Scope and Contents From the File: In this case, the ACLU represented Charles Peter Duncan, a native of England who applied for U.S. citizenship and was denied on the basis of his refusal to answer questions "dealing with prior criminal activity, membership in organizations, belief in Communism, and moral character." Duncan was an oceanographer who applied for citizenship first in Virginia, and was denied, and then reapplied upon moving to San Francisco in 1979. He objected to the questions based on the belief that they...