This case, which went all the way to the Supreme Court, upheld the constitutionality of surprise and warrantless inspections of mines and quarries, presumably for safety reasons. Joe Kramas, the defendant, was President of Sigmanetics, Inc. in Concord, CA, and was concerned with "certain provisions of the Fire Code which afford right of entry to private property for the purpose of fire safety inspection by authorized fire department personnel." Refusal of entry would result in a misdemeanor citation, and Kramas wanted to see provisions of the Code relating to right of entry repealed. The People argued that warrantless inspections "violated the Fourth Amendment's provisions against unreasonable search and seizure." The Court, in their decision, argued that these inspections were necessary to protect "the lives and health of mine employees," and that "the absence of advance notice was essential to effectiveness of the inspection program."